| Dave Sim | |
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Dave Sim at the Small Press and Alternative Comics Expos in Columbus, Ohio in 2007. Photograph by Margaret Liss. |
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| Born | David Victor Sim May 17, 1956 Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Area(s) | Cartoonist, Writer, Artist, Publisher, Letterer |
| Notable works | Cerebus |
| Notable collaborations | Gerhard |
| Awards | Full list |
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Influenced
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| Official website | |
David Victor Sim (born May 17, 1956 in Hamilton, Ontario) is an award-winning Canadian comic book writer and artist.
A pioneer of self-published comics and creators' rights, Sim is best known as the creator of Cerebus the Aardvark, a comic book published from 1977 to 2004, which chronicles its main character in a 6,000-page self-contained story. Originally a satire of sword and sorcery comics, Cerebus later delved into metaphysics, theology, politics, and an examination of modern feminism, while becoming progressively more experimental in storytelling and artwork. Sim's work in Cerebus proved influential on several generations of comics creators, including his use of extended story arcs.
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Dave Sim was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada[1] and moved to Kitchener, Ontario with his family when he was two. His father Ken — a native of Glasgow, Scotland[2] — was a factory supervisor at Budd Automotive and his mother an elementary school secretary. He has an older sister named Sheila.
He was interested in comics from an early age, and dropped out of high school to pursue a career in the field. The only job he ever held outside of the comic field was working as an employee at Now and Then Books. "It was the only place in Kitchener that I ever felt truly comfortable before or since", Sim has said.[3]
In the 1970s he published a fanzine called The Now and Then Times (financed by Harry Kremer, the owner of the comic book store after which the newsletter was named), and did work for such other fanzines as John Balge's Comic Art News and Reviews and Gene Day's Dark Fantasy and National Advisor. Sim often interviewed professional comics artists such as Barry Windsor-Smith, Harvey Kurtzman and Neal Adams.
Sim also created various other comics, including a newspaper comic strip called The Beavers which was published in the Kitchener-Waterloo Record, and wrote or drew stories published in anthologies such as Phantacea[4] and Star*Reach. The Beavers also saw print in Star*Reach's sister funny animals comic Quack!.
In December 1977, Sim began publishing Cerebus, an initially bi-monthly, black-and-white comic book series. It began as a parodic cross between Conan the Barbarian and Howard the Duck. Progressively, Sim shifted his narrative style to story arcs of a few issues' length; soon he moved to longer, far more complex "novels", beginning with the storyline known as High Society. The prominent sword and sorcery elements in the series up to that point were minimized as Sim concentrated more on politics and religion.
Cerebus was published through Sim's company, Aardvark-Vanaheim, which was run by his wife, Deni Loubert. The two met in 1976, married in 1979, and divorced after nearly five years of marriage.[5]
In the 1980s, Sim traveled widely to promote Cerebus, which became a very successful independently produced comic book, its circulation peaking at 36,000 copies. In 1984 he began a collaboration with Gerhard, who handled the background drawings in the series. Aardvark-Vanaheim, managed by Loubert, began publishing other comics besides Cerebus, such as William Messner-Loebs' Journey and Bob Burden's Flaming Carrot. After Sim and Loubert's separation, Loubert started Renegade Press, which assumed publishing duties for all non-Cerebus Aardvark-Vanaheim titles.
Although Sim did not maintain a consistent monthly schedule for the entire run, which at times required an accelerated production schedule to catch up, he completed the Cerebus series on schedule in March 2004. As the series progressed, it was noted for its tendency towards formal experimentation.[6] Sim has called the complete run of Cerebus a 6,000-page novel,[7] a view shared by several academic writers[8][9] and comics historians.[10]
He purchased Gerhard's stake in Aardvark-Vanaheim,[11] and has made arrangements for the copyright of Cerebus to fall into the public domain following his death.[12][13]
Following the completion of Cerebus in 2004, Sim produces occasional guest work, goes to conventions and regularly attends city council meetings, provides interviews and art for a Texas-based magazine called Following Cerebus, and provided commentary and reports on Kitchener politics for two local magazines (called Xen and Versus).
As of 2006, Sim is working on the Cerebus Archive Project, an online searchable database of Cerebus materials. Sim is also in the process of reading the Gospels and The Book of Revelation out of Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort's 1881 interlinear Greek to English translation of The New Testament semi-weekly and taking notes. He has said that he plans to publish a commentary on it, using Chester Brown's artwork for the Gospel of Mark from Brown's unfinished gospel project as illustrations. Recently Sim said he may make his notes available as a free digital book. This project was discussed in Collected Letters: 2004, and in recent letters between Sim and his readers.
Beginning in 2006, Sim began publishing an online comic-book biography of Canadian actress Siu Ta titled Siu Ta, So Far.[14] In late 2006 and early 2007, Sim conducted public readings of the 1611 King James Bible at the Registry Theatre in Kitchener in order to raise money for the Food Bank of Waterloo Region.[15]
In late 2007, Sim announced two projects. One, which he initially referred to only as "Secret Project One", is Judenhass (German for "Jew hatred"), a 56-page "personal reflection on The Holocaust" which was released on May 28, 2008.[16] The other is glamourpuss, a comic-book series which is a combined parody of fashion magazines (wherein Sim traces photos from real fashion magazines) and a historical study of the photorealist style of comic-strip art, for which he did a promotional "tour" of online forums related to comics in February 2008.[17]
In spring 2009, Sim began publishing Cerebus Archive, a bimonthly presentation of his work before and surrounding Cerebus.[18]
On October 23, 2009 the first episode of CerebusTV aired, at http://Cerebus.TV utilizing internet streaming video technology from EXOSS.NET. The show airs new episodes weekly, Fridays at 10 pm Eastern time, which then stream continuously throughout the week. Credits list Dave Sim as the executive producer. He is also the central hub of the shows, either interviewing comics legends or showing behind the scenes at Aardvark-Vanaheim. As of early 2011, there have been approximately 50 episodes of Cerebus.TV.
In 2011, BOOM! Town announced that in 2012 it would publish Dave Sim's Last Girlfriend, a collection of letters between Dave Sim and Susan Alston originally intended for Denis Kitchen's Kitchen Sink Press.[19]
Dave Sim's art, lettering, and storytelling innovations influenced several generations of comic book creators. Some artists integrated his visual style to the point of sometimes being originally called copycats, such as James A. Owen (in Starchild, 1990s) or Troy Little (in Chiaroscuro, 2000-2005/2007); others used only some of his storytelling tools, such as Alex Robinson (in Box Office Poison, 1996-2000/2000). Sim jokingly calls them "Dave Sim magpies".[20]
Sim's pioneering use of an extended, multi-layered storytelling canvas, divided in large arcs divided in mostly self-contained issues, was acknowledged by J. Michael Straczynski as his inspiration for the structure of Babylon 5.[21]
During the 1980s and early 1990s, Sim used his sales leverage from Cerebus to act as a major proponent and advocate of creator's rights and self-publishing. After the Puma Blues distribution incident, he helped write the Creators' Bill of Rights[22] along with Scott McCloud, and Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, creators of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. In addition to speaking on these topics at comic book conventions (as in his 1993 PRO/con speech[23]), Sim also published the seminal The Cerebus Guide to Self-Publishing in 1997, which instructed readers on the practical matters of how to successfully self publish their own comics. Sim often promoted other creators' fledgling work in the back pages of Cerebus.
Sim has criticized the use of copyrights to restrict the use of creations which would have more quickly become public domain under earlier copyright law.[12] He has stated that other creators are free to use his characters in their own works, which he characterizes as an attempt to be consistent with his own appropriation of others' works.[24][25]
In the course of writing Cerebus, Sim expressed views contrary to feminism, modern materialism, and leftist politics that had become rather prominent and influential in Canada. Sim expressed his views on gender in issue #186 of Cerebus, in a text piece as part of the story arc "Reads" (one of four books in the larger Mothers & Daughters arc), using the pseudonym Viktor Davis.[26] Among the various theories expounded upon in the piece, Sim's alter-ego Viktor Davis categorizes humanity into metaphorical lights, which tended to reside in biological men, and voids, which tended to be in biological women.
In 1995, The Comics Journal #174 featured a Bill Willingham caricature of Sim on one of the covers, bearing the title "Dave Sim: Misogynist Guru of Self-Publishers". Inside was a lengthy article written by Jonathan Hagey and Kim Thompson that published responses from comics creators such as Alan Moore, Seth, Rick Veitch, Steve Bissette, and Sim’s friend and fellow Canadian Chester Brown. The responses ranged from anger to a belief that Sim was joking. The article also included a short interview with Sim's ex-wife, wherein she described the essay as evidence of Sim being "very scared". Accompanying the article was an illustration of Sim as a Nazi German concentration camp warden, standing before a gate with the name of his publishing company, with piles of emaciated bodies laying within. In the essay in Cerebus #186, Sim characterized fellow self-publishing cartoonist Jeff Smith as an example of a man dominated by his wife. When Smith contested this,[27] Sim accused Smith of lying and challenged Smith to a boxing match, which Smith declined.[28]
In 2001, Sim published another essay, "Tangent", in Cerebus #265 (April 2001).[29] In it, Sim furthered the themes from "Reads", describing the tangent he contends western society has taken due to the widespread acceptance and proliferation of feminism, beginning in 1970. The Comics Journal posted the full essay on its website, although a short introduction by staff distanced the Journal from the ideas therein, calling them "nutty and loathsome". The following issue included a rebuttal to the first "Tangent" by "Ruthie Penmark". Several years later, in issue #263, the Journal devoted a section to discussion of Cerebus. It reprinted a 2001 essay by Renee Stephen, "Masculinity's Last Hope, or Creepily Paranoid Misogynist?: An Open Letter to Dave Sim",[30] addressing the "Tangent" controversy. Sim's reply to Stephen, and Stephen's reply to Sim's reply, were published in The Comics Journal # 266.
Despite various attempts to portray him as such on the internet and in The Comics Journal, Dave Sim nevertheless maintains that he is not a misogynist.[31]
The coverage of his writings about feminism was not the only subject of Sim's conflict with The Comics Journal. He and Gary Groth, editor-in-chief of The Comics Journal, have had a combative relationship over the years. The magazine was the first to publish a review of the first dozen or so issues of Cerebus, by Kim Thompson in 1979.
Early in the 1990s, Groth took issue with Sim's stance of self-publishing as the best option for creators, and began to disseminate the view that it was best to work for a publisher, mentioning Ivan Boesky's address to the University of California's commencement ceremony in May 1986, where Boesky informed his audience that "greed is all right, by the way. I want you to know that. I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself."[32]
Later, on a panel at the San Diego Comic Con Groth indicted Sim in a "Nuremberg-style tribunal designed to bring to light the most deserving criminals who had over the past decade and longer besmirched the good name of the comics art and industry"[33]
Despite this adversarial relationship, Groth later published an issue of the Journal featuring a critical roundtable on the series.
Following his reading of the Bible and the Qur'an beginning in December 1996, Sim underwent a religious conversion from atheist secular humanism to his own mixture of the Abrahamic religions. He lives a lifestyle of fasting, celibacy, prayer, and alms-giving, and considers scriptures from the Jewish (the Torah, and Nevi'im), Christian (the Gospels, Acts and the Book of Revelation), and Islamic (the Qur'an) religions to be equally valid as the Word of God.[34] He explored theological themes heavily in the later issues of Cerebus.
Sim has been nominated for many awards, and has won several:
In 2001, Sim and his collaborator Gerhard founded the Howard E. Day Prize for outstanding achievement in self-publishing, in tribute to Sim's mentor, Gene Day. Bestowed annually at SPACE (Small Press and Alternative Comics Expo) in Columbus, Ohio from 2002 to 2008[35] the prize consisted of a $500 cash award and a commemorative plaque. The recipient was chosen by Sim and Gerhard from a pool of submitted works. Beginning 2009, the Day Prize has been replaced by the SPACE Prize.
Cerebus Guide to Self-Publishing (ISSN 0712-7774) collects selections from Sim's 'Notes from the President' column that dealt with self-publishing, the Pro/Con speech from 1993, and more.
Collected Letters: 2004 (ISBN 0-919359-23-X) collects Sim's responses to readers' letters (the original letters are not included) after the publication of Cerebus #300.
Dave Sim's Collected Letters 2 collects Sim's responses to readers' letters (the original letters are not included) from June and July 2004.
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